Simon, known asPeter(Bethsaida,first century B.C.-Rome,67about), was one oftwelveapostlesofJesus; he is considered the firstpopeof theCatholic Church. Born inGalilee, he was a Jewish fisherman fromCapernaum. His original name wasŠim'ôn(שמעון, "the one who listens," transliterated in ancient Greek as Σίμων).
He became an apostle of Jesus after the latter called him atLake Galilee, and was part of an inner circle (along withJohnandJames) of the three who witnessed the resurrection ofJairus' daughter,transfigurationand Jesus' agony in the Garden of Olives. He attempted to defend the Master from arrest, succeeding only in wounding one of the attackers. The only one, along with the so-called "beloved disciple," to follow Jesus to the house ofhigh priestCaiaphas, he too was forced to flee after denying the Master three times, as the Master had predicted. After thecrucifixionand subsequentresurrection of Jesus, Peter was appointed by the Master himself as the leader of the twelveapostlesand thus the promoter of the movement that would later become the firstChristian Church.
A tireless preacher, he was the first to baptize a pagan, the centurionCornelius. He came into disagreement withPaul of Tarsusover some issues concerning Jews and pagans, which were resolved, however, at the firstcouncil in Jerusalem. According to tradition, he became the first bishop ofAntioch of Syriafor about 30 years, from 34 to 64 A.D. He continued his preaching untilRomewhere he died between64and67, during the anti-Christian persecutions ordered byNero. In Rome Peter and Paul are venerated together as the founding pillars of theChurch. Peter is consideredsaintby all Christian denominations, although some deny thePetrine primacyand others thepapal primacythat follows. (source wikipedia)
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